Black Liberation Movement People
This collection is comprised of sub-collections on influential people in the Black Liberation Movement. These sub-collections with audio (often rare) and paper materials focus on major figures such as Assata Shakur, Angela Davis, Huey Newton, Robert F. Williams, Malcolm X, Martin Luther King Jr., George Jackson, Geronimo Ji Jaga, Huey Newton, Eldridge Cleaver, and others.
Subcollections
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Angela Davis
Angela Davis is an African-American political activist and scholar. She emerged as a prominent activist in the 1960s, as a leader of the Communist Party USA, and although never a member, had close relations with the Black Panther Party. -
Assata Shakur
Assata Shakur is an activist and icon of the Black Liberation Movement living in exile in Cuba. Assata was captured following a shootout in New Jersey in 1973. After being illegally held and tried for six years, she escaped in 1979. -
Bayard Rustin
Bayard Rustin (1912-1987) was an African-American activist involved in social movements for civil rights, socialism, non-violence and gay rights. Rustin was the chief organizer of the 1963 March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom. -
Chokwe Lumumba
Chokwe Lumumba is a activist, attorney, and a co-founder and member of the Malcolm X Grassroots Movement. He has represented a number of political prisoners and activists and well as been active in organizing for the Republic of New Afrika (RNA). -
Eldridge Cleaver
Eldridge Cleaver was a writer and political activist who became a prominent leader of the Black Panther Party, holding the titles of Minister of Information and Head of the International Section of the Panthers while in exile in Cuba and Algeria. -
Dhoruba Bin Wahad
Dhoruba Bin Wahad was a political prisoner active in the Black Panther Party and the Black Liberation Army. He served 19 years in prison as a result of a murder conviction facilitated by illegal COINTELPRO activities. Bin Wahad was released in 1995. -
Donald Cox
Donald Cox was a member of the Black Panther Party who fled to Algeria to escape a politically motivated murder conviction. He continued to remain active in the struggle for Black Liberation until his death in 2011. -
Fred Hampton
Fred Hampton was the Chairman of the Illinois chapter of the Black Panther Party for Self-Defense and was one of the great young minds in the Black Liberation Movement. Fred Hampton was murdered by Chicago Police while asleep in his bed in 1969. -
Vicki Garvin
Vicki Ama Garvin (1915-2007) was a Pan-Africanist and internationalist, who lived and worked in both Ghana and China during the revolutionary period of the 1960s. -
Geronimo Ji-Jaga (Pratt)
Geronimo Ji-Jaga, affectionately known as "G", was a major figure in the Black Liberation Struggle. Geronimo was a member of the Black Panther Party and spent 27 years in prison for a murder he did not commit. Geronimo passed away in 2011. -
Huey Newton
In 1966, Huey Newton and Bobby Seale founded the Black Panther Party for Self Defense in Oakland, California. Newton played a major role in the Black Panther Party and the Black Liberation Movement until his death in 1989. -
Kwame Ture
Kwame Ture (FKA Stokely Carmichael) helped coin the phrase "Black Power" and was the first leader of SNCC. Carmichael changed his name to Kwame Ture, to honor the African leaders Kwame Nkrumah and Sekou Touré. Ture lived in Guinea until his death in 1998. -
Malcolm X
Malcolm X, El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz was an African-American Muslim minister and human rights activist. Malcolm X drew from elements of Pan-Africanism and Black Nationalism to challenge white supremacy and American imperialism. -
Martin Luther King Jr.
Martin Luther King, Jr. (1929-1968) was a clergyman, activist, and leader in the American Civil Rights Movement. He is best known for his role in the advancement of civil rights using nonviolent civil disobedience. -
Paul Robeson
Paul Robeson was an African-American singer, actor, lawyer, social activist and athlete. Robeson was active in Pan-African and Communist organizing and subsequently was a target of government repression during McCarthyism. -
Popeye Jackson
While incarcerated at San Quentin, Popeye Jackson held a leadership position in the United Prisoners Union. He was murdered in 1975 in San Francisco. -
Mabel and Robert F. Williams
Mabel and Robert F. Williams were leading members of the struggle for Black Liberation, internationalism and staunch supporters of armed self-defense. After being forced to flee North Carolina, they lived in Cuba and China before returning to America. -
Safiya Bukhari
A member of the Black Panther Party and the BLA, Safiya Bukhari was imprisoned for nine years. Released in 1983, she went on to co-found the New York Free Mumia Abu-Jamal Coalition and other organizations advocating for the release of political prisoners. -
Dessie Woods
Dessie Woods’ became internationally known after she was sentenced to 22 years in prison for killing a white man in Georgia with his own gun when he tried to rape her. A large-scale national and international solidarity movement developed around her case. -
Bill Epton
William Leo Epton Jr. was a Maoist African-American communist activist.
Documents

Year: 1962Volume Number: Vol. 4-1 June-JulyFormat: PeriodicalCollection: Mabel and Robert F. Williams
Stock Market: A Barometer for Violence - re: Blacks last to be hired, first to be fired; 4th anniversary of Crusader, message from Editor is Black man’s first loyalty must be to cause of equality, brotherhood, and justice; Cuba No Fallara: re: progress in Cuba – revolution on solid ground; Union County (NC) Klan has its own adviser in the White House to the Kennedys; “open season” on “Afros” In Monroe, NC; Editor advocates self-defense for Blacks in Monroe, NC.

White Man's Nigger No More! - re: unchanging, predatory nature of racist white nationalism; struggle for Black liberation under “tutelage” of white liberals undermines the movement; Blacks can’t get anti-lynching bill passed, but anti-riot bill passed in record time; Reveille for Black Folks re: support of Black nationalism; Europe – Liberal Towards Whom? Re: tendency to forget what Europe has done to Black Africa.

China's 17 Anniversary: Afro-Americans Represented - speech at rally by Robert F. Williams Message from Mammoth Peking August 8th Rally re: American Black struggle; USA – The Impending Crisis re: racism and imperialism natural attributes of capitalism social system; China: Glorious Red Guards Dash the Evil Hopes of Reactionaries Everywhere – re: Red Guards of China are servants of the people; Lie Down with the Devil and Die – re: fate of blacks who take up whites’ battle standard; Kill Baby Kill re: those who “peacefully” submit are also dead.

The Fourth Estate: Sambo Journalism re: Black press – many current Black journalists are brainwashed by White institutions; Seven Plagues of the Ghetto re: 7 so-called civil rights leaders repudiating Black power; Only in America, Mr. Golden re: Harry Golden of Charlotte, NC, big wheel in influencing NAACP policy; Thunder in the East re: Chinese Cultural Revolution is a mass movement of the people; The Front Lash of U.S. Racism – critique of criticism that black power damages civil rights struggle; Critics with Unsoiled Hands re: critics who say everything is wrong about civil rights movement but have nothing concrete to offer.

USA: Stand By for Violence - re: growing white racist hate groups organizing for massive violence, “liquidationist” blacks more apt to denounce Black Power self-defense than these racist hate groups – call for organization and unity; The Plague of the Subversive Scarecrows – re: new breed of “Uncle Tom journalists”; USA: The Legacy of Scarecrowism - re: systematic exclusion of Black people from juries based on race and class, Blacks who get on juries must stop being “yes men” in court; The Good of the Earth – re: life in Cuba; Cuba: The Tragedy of No Proletarian Cultural Revolution – re: petty bourgeois has regained the reins of power in Cuba; What Color Unity? – in support of the role of revolutionary Whites in conditioning whites for future unified action with Blacks; Marzani and Munzell: Moscow Oriented Rogues – re: publishers of Negroes with Guns refusing to pay royalties to Williams; Agent at Large: Revolutionaries Beware! – denouncing D.H. Mansur, operating out of Tanzania; China’s Cultural Revolution – re: necessity for and objectives of Cultural Revolution.

Wither Goeth the Peace Movement - re: Dr. King calling for peace in Viet Nam; America Is the Black Man’s Battleground – re: battleground should be where the oppression is ; Chicago: The Dixie Carpetbaggers Are Coming – re: Henry Hall Wilson Jr. of Monroe, NC being carried over from Kennedy Administration to Johnson Administration; On Being Partial Without Apology; The Underworld of Subversion – a call to infiltrate police and CIA; Mohammad Ali: World Champion; Report from Havana on “Che” Guevara: Good News?; Crusader Forged: Counterfeiters Strike Again – re: “Special October 1965 Edition” bogus; Dialogue: Two Exiles.

Speech: Delivered at the International Conference for Solidarity with the People of Vietnam Against US Imperialist Aggression for the Defense of Peace. Hanoi Democratic Republic of Vietnam. November 25-29, 1965; China: America’s Shades of Waterloo – re: advances of Chinese society played down and belittled in America; Carpetbaggers of the Fourth Estate – calling for careful scrutiny of “slight-of-the pen” artists who insist that all manner of publicity good for the nationalist cause, also beware of so-called leftists who spread lies about Black nationalism abroad to thwart unity among Afro-Americans, Latin Americans, Asians, and Africans; An Oscar for a Gorilla – re: right to vote, Selma and Marion, AL; Malcolm X: Death Without Silence – re: Malcolm X’s assassination; The Impending Heat Wave – re: Civil Rights Bill, right to vote, white supremacists continuing to have access to weapons.

On the Republic of New Africa re: danger of some Blacks confusing self-determination with segregation – ability to forge one’s own destiny vs. life with no meaningful destiny – references the Declaration of Independence of the RNA; Combat the Enemy Within Our Ranks – re: need to supplement self-defense forces with strong underground counter-intelligence operations; Now Is the Time to Give Up the Ghost: Integration – re: integrating into White America as real a possibility as the pot of gold at the end of the rainbow; African Safari: Hells Run on a Motorcycle – re: motorcycle safari from Tanzania to Zambia, giving African youth an opportunity to see a new type of tourist – Black brothers calling them to accept Africa’s challenge to the Black man; Africa and the African-American re: America ‘s attempts to prevent revolutionary Blacks from becoming entrenched in Africa and need to acquaint Africans with African history in America; 1969: A Season of Terror; Still Planning to Return re: possibility of Williams returning to U.S. from exile in Cuba; Ethics and the Black Revolution re: struggle for control of the ghetto must also be transformation of the individual and the environment, and ethics of Black Revolution must be predicated on high sense of morality and exemplary conduct.

The Deprived: Rebellion in the Streets - gap between technological advances and social stagnation results in universal deprivation, and the revolutionary struggles of the deprived complement each other; the myth of Black capitalism has been designed to create superficial class divisions, break unity between Black people, progressive Black Nationalism offers the greatest hope for unity of purpose; national concerted effort should be made to release all political prisoners; likens American educational system to missionary educational system, cautions against Black studies material that reinforces the white supremacist derogatory myths about Black people – rather, Black studies should be inspiring and uplifting; as Black schools in the South are being phase out thru integrating schools, so is the Black teacher being phase out; Blacks should develop relations with their foreign counterparts; highjacking (airplanes) contributes nothing to the liberation struggle; Blacks must try to counteract imperialist white supremacist propaganda in Africa; struggle is not all violent – it is important for Blacks to enter the vital organs of the establishment, work from within; it is as difficult for a Black militant to receive justice from American courts as for a camel to pass thru the eye of a needle; Williams’s primary interest is to stimulate revolutionary thought and promote collective self-defense. John Bull: A Story in Black and White. The USSR: From Capitulation to Aggression. Tell It To the World, and Tell It Like It Is. The End of Exile – Williams discusses his eighth year of exile from racist USA and possible return. USPO: Again the Crusader – re: USPO attempts to ban the Crusader, prevent its mailing.

Publisher: The MilitantDate: 9/25/1961Call Number: Volume Number: Vol. 25 No. 34Format: PeriodicalCollection: Mabel and Robert F. Williams
Three articles focused on the Williams family and their civil rights work in North Carolina: "I am not guilty!"- Robert F. Williams; KKK in Monroe Carries on New Reprisal Drive; and Letter from Fugitive Rights Leader Blasts Monroe 'Kidnap' Frame-up.